Fig. 5

Mesenchymal stem cell senescence decreases under hypoxic preconditioning. Saβ-gal activity levels were increased in ARAS as compared to healthy MSCs and it decreased its activity in both groups during HPC (a). Similarly senescent genes P16 and P21 mRNA expression was increased in ARAS as compared to healthy MSCs at baseline (b, c, respectively), but HPC only decreased P21 in healthy MSCs (c). HPC hypoxia pre-conditioning. *p < 0.05 hypoxia vs normoxia. ^†p < 0.05 ARAS vs healthy